Efficiency and Sustainability of Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Pheromone Dispensers with Different Designs

Ips duplicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a bark beetle that recently invaded southern Europe. It produces intense outbreaks in the spruce stands installed outside their natural area. Pheromone dispensers with different designs are used for monitoring this species. Compounds released either by wick (ID Ecolure) or polyethene foil RO and Pheagr IDU). We performed series of laboratory field experiments to compare efficiency sustainability these terms pheromone release. The first experiment compared capture dynamics between ID Ecolure pheromones traps three localities 60 days. Release rates were evaluated same period. second analyzed headspace chemical composition Ecolure, RO, IDU) tested activity traps. Active compounds content varied. dispensers’ release strongly reduced from 365 50 mg/day within two weeks then steadily 16 after RO) remained constant over days (20–24 mg/day). highest initial emission was Ecolure. ratio components (ipsdienol/E-myrcenol) lower (5) (10) higher IDU (565). In experiments, significantly more caught than weeks. Later, attractivity high, but captures reduced. typograhus also considered. propose wick-type promising tool controlling hibernating generation. can be monitor flight activity.